1. Imiterere yiterambere ryinganda:
Inganda zo gukinisha mu gihugu zizaba inganda ziciriritse kugeza ku ruganda rwo hejuru no guteza imbere ibicuruzwa byigenga Kugeza ubu, urunani rw’ibikinisho rugabanijwe cyane cyane mu bushakashatsi bw’ibicuruzwa no gushushanya iterambere, umusaruro n’inganda, kwamamaza ibicuruzwa bitatu. Agaciro kongerewe ubukungu kumihuza itandukanye nako karatandukanye, aho ubushakashatsi niterambere ryogutezimbere hamwe no kwamamaza ibicuruzwa bifata umwanya munini murwego rwinganda zose, agaciro kiyongereye mubukungu, mugihe inganda ari ihuriro ryongerewe agaciro.
2.Iterambere ry'akarere: Guangdong ifite ibyiza bigaragara
Iterambere ryamahuriro yinganda mu nganda zikinisha ibikinisho mu Bushinwa. Uruganda rukinisha ibikinisho mu Bushinwa rufite ibimenyetso biranga akarere mu turere, cyane cyane muri Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanghai no mu tundi turere two ku nkombe. Kubijyanye nubwoko bwibicuruzwa, inganda zikinisha za Guangdong ahanini zitanga ibikinisho byamashanyarazi na plastike; Ibigo bikinisha mu Ntara ya Zhejiang bitanga cyane ibikinisho bikozwe mu giti; Ibigo bikinisha mu Ntara ya Jiangsu bitanga cyane ibikinisho bya plushi nudupupe twinyamaswa. Guangdong nicyo gihugu kinini mu Bushinwa gikora ibikinisho n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, nk'uko imibare ya 2020 ibigaragaza ko Guangdong yohereje ibikinisho byose byoherezwa muri miliyari 13.385 by’amadolari y’Amerika, bingana na 70% by’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Umujyi wa Dongguan, nka kamwe mu turere dufite inganda zikora ibikinisho byibanda cyane, ubushobozi bwo guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga n’ikoranabuhanga ndetse n’ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru by’ikoranabuhanga muri Guangdong, byashizeho ibidukikije bikuze kandi byuzuye, kandi ingaruka z’inganda ziragaragara, nk'uko bivugwaImibare ya gasutamo ya Dongguan, mu 2022, ibikinisho byo gukinisha bya Dongguan byageze kuri miliyari 14.23, byiyongereyeho 32.8%.
Ubushinwa bukinisha ibikinisho cyane cyane OEM. Nubwo Ubushinwa nigihugu kinini gikora ibikinisho, imishinga yohereza ibicuruzwa hanze cyane cyane OEM OEM, muribyo birenga 70% byibikinisho byoherezwa hanze nibitunganyirizwa cyangwa gutunganya icyitegererezo. Ibicuruzwa byigenga by’imbere mu gihugu by’Ubushinwa byibanda cyane cyane mu bijyanye no gukora ibicuruzwa bito n'ibiciriritse, kandi biri ku iherezo ry’uruganda mu bucuruzi bw’ibikinisho ku isi. Icyitegererezo cya OEM gishingiye ku bicuruzwa bitangwa n’abakora ibicuruzwa byo mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga, kandi inyungu ahanini ituruka ku kongerera agaciro ibikorwa byo gukora. Kubaka umuyoboro ntibidatunganye, ibirango birabura, kandi imbaraga zo guterana ni ntege. Hamwe nogukomeza kwiyongera kwamafaranga yumurimo nigiciro cyibikoresho fatizo, ibigo bidafite ubushobozi bwibanze bwo guhatanira inyungu ninyungu nke bizahura nigitutu kinini cyibikorwa. Isoko ryo gukinisha hagati no murwego rwohejuru ryigaruriwe n’ibirango bizwi cyane by’amahanga nka Mattel na Hasbro muri Amerika, Bandai na Tome mu Buyapani, na Lego muri Danimarike.
3.Gusesengura kw'abarwayi: Kurenga 80% by'ibikinisho bijyanye n'ibikinisho ni ibishushanyo
Imibare irerekana ko umubare w’ibisabwa by’ipatanti mu nganda zikinisha ibikinisho by’Ubushinwa byahujwe ahanini n’ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa. Ku ruhande rumwe, gushimangira ivugurura ry’Ubushinwa no gufungura byafunguye imbaraga nyinshi kandi zitanga umusaruro, kuzamura ibikorwa remezo, ishoramari ryiza n’ibidukikije, ndetse no kunoza amategeko kugira ngo biteze imbere udushya. Muri iki gihe, ubushobozi bwiterambere bwingeri zose mubushinwa bwarekuwe byuzuye, harimo ibikinisho, ibyiciro byose byafashe umwanya wamateka yo kwiteza imbere no gutera imbere.
Ku rundi ruhande, hamwe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga ku isi, guhanga udushya bigira uruhare runini mu kuzamura ubukungu. Umubare wabasabye ipatanti ijyanye n "" ibikinisho "warenze 10,000 mu myaka itatu ishize (2020-2022), kandi umubare wabasabye urenga 12.000. Ibintu birenga 15.000 nibintu birenga 13.000. Byongeye kandi, kuva muri Mutarama 2023, umubare w’ibisabwa by’ibikinisho ugera ku barenga 4.500.
Urebye ubwoko bw'ipatanti y'ibikinisho, ibice birenga 80% bya patenti byakoreshejwe ni ibishushanyo mbonera, amabara atandukanye kandi atandukanye, byoroshye gukurura abana; Icyitegererezo cyingirakamaro hamwe nibintu byavumbuwe bingana na 15.9% na 3.8%.
Mubyongeyeho, ugereranije abumva ibikinisho bya plush ni byinshi, kandi ubucuruzi nabwo bufite ubushake bukomeye bwo gukora ibicuruzwa bishya.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-25-2024
