Ubushakashatsi bwerekana bwa mbere ko udukoko dushobora gukina nudupira duto twibiti. Ibi hari icyo bivuze kubyerekeye amarangamutima yabo?
Monisha Ravisetti numwanditsi wubumenyi kuri CNET. Avuga ku bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, roketi zo mu kirere, ibisubizo by’imibare, amagufwa ya dinosaur, umwobo wirabura, supernovae, ndetse rimwe na rimwe ubushakashatsi bwibitekerezo bya filozofiya. Mbere, yari umunyamakuru wa siyanse w'ikinyamakuru The Academic Times cyo gutangiza, kandi mbere yacyo, yari umushakashatsi w’ikingira mu kigo cy’ubuvuzi cya Weill Cornell i New York. Muri 2018, yarangije muri kaminuza ya New York afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse muri filozofiya, fiziki, na shimi. Iyo atari ku meza ye, agerageza (kandi birananirana) kunoza urutonde rwe muri chess kumurongo. Filime akunda cyane ni Dunkirk na Marseille mu Nkweto.
Ese ibisimba bikubuza inzira uva murugo ujya mumodoka? nta kibazo. Ubushakashatsi bushya butanga uburyo bushimishije kandi bushimishije bwo kubirinda. Uhe inyamaswa umupira muto wibiti kandi zirashobora kwishima zikareka kugutera ubwoba murugendo rwawe rwa mugitondo.
Ku wa kane, itsinda ry’abashakashatsi ryerekanye ibimenyetso byerekana ko bumblebees, nkabantu, bakunda gukina nibikoresho bishimishije.
Nyuma yo kwitabira bumblebees 45 mubushakashatsi bwinshi, byaje kugaragara ko inzuki zafashe ikibazo cyo kuzunguruka imipira yimbaho inshuro nyinshi, nubwo nta mpamvu igaragara yabitera. Muyandi magambo, inzuki zisa nkaho "zikina" n'umupira. Kandi, kimwe nabantu, inzuki zifite imyaka iyo zitakaje gukina.
Nk’uko ingingo yasohotse mu kwezi gushize mu kinyamakuru Animal Behavior ibivuga, inzuki zikiri nto zizunguruka imipira myinshi kurusha inzuki zikuze, nkuko wabyitega ko abana bakina imikino kurusha abakuze. Iri tsinda ryabonye kandi ko inzuki z'abagabo zazunguye umupira kurenza inzuki z'abagore. (Ariko ntumenye niba iki kintu kijyanye n'imyitwarire ya muntu.)
Lars Chitka, umwarimu w’ibidukikije by’imyumvire n’imyitwarire muri kaminuza ya Mwamikazi Mary i Londres, wayoboye ubwo bushakashatsi yagize ati: "Ubu bushakashatsi butanga ibimenyetso bifatika byerekana ko ubwenge bw’udukoko bugoye cyane kuruta uko twabitekerezaga." “Hariho inyamaswa nyinshi zikinisha kwishimisha gusa, ariko ingero nyinshi ni inyamaswa z’inyamabere n’inyoni.”
Kumenya ko udukoko dukunda gukina ni ngombwa cyane, kuko biduha amahirwe yo kwemeza ko bashobora kugira amarangamutima meza. Ibi bitera kwibaza ibibazo byingenzi bijyanye nuburyo tubifata. Twubaha inyamaswa zitavuga mu magambo bishoboka? Tuzabandikisha nkibiremwa bifite ubwenge?
Frans BM de Waal, umwanditsi w'igitabo cyagurishijwe kurusha ibindi Twaba Dufite Ubwenge Birahagije Kumenya Ukuntu Inyamaswa zifite ubwenge zavuze muri make igice cyikibazo zivuga ko "kubera ko inyamaswa zidashobora kuvuga, ibyiyumvo byabo birahakana."
Ibi birashobora kuba ukuri cyane kubinzuki. Kurugero, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2011 bwerekanye ko inzuki zagize impinduka muri chimie yubwonko mugihe zabyutswe cyangwa zinyeganyezwa nabashakashatsi. Izi mpinduka zifitanye isano itaziguye no guhangayika, kwiheba, nizindi miterere ya psychologiya tumenyereye kubona mubantu ndetse n’inyamabere z’inyamabere, nyamara, ahari kubera ko udukoko tudashobora kuvuga, tutibagiwe no kurira cyangwa mu maso, ntabwo dukeka ko bafite amarangamutima.
Ati: “Turatanga ibimenyetso byinshi kandi byinshi.
Ndashaka kuvuga, reba videwo ikurikira urahabona uruzuki rwinzuki ruzunguruka kumupira nkuri muri sirusi. Nibyiza rwose kandi biraryoshye cyane kuko tuzi ko babikora gusa kuko birashimishije.
Chittka n'abandi bahanga bashyize ibibari 45 mu kibuga hanyuma babereka ibintu bitandukanye bashobora guhitamo niba “gukina” cyangwa kudakina.
Mu bushakashatsi bumwe, udukoko twabonye ibyumba bibiri. Iya mbere irimo umupira wimuka, undi ni ubusa. Nkuko byari byitezwe, inzuki zahisemo ibyumba bifitanye isano no kugenda kwumupira.
Mu rundi rubanza, inzuki zirashobora guhitamo inzira itabujijwe kugera aho igaburira cyangwa gutandukana n'inzira igana ahantu hamwe n'umupira w'imbaho. Abantu benshi bahitamo pisine. Mubyukuri, mugihe cyubushakashatsi, agakoko kamwe kazunguye umupira kuva inshuro 1 kugeza 117.
Kurinda kuvanga impinduka, abashakashatsi bagerageje gutandukanya igitekerezo cyumukino wumupira. Kurugero, ntabwo bahembye inzuki kuba zarakinnye umupira kandi bikuraho ko bishoboka ko bahura nibibazo runaka mubyumba bitari umupira.
Umushakashatsi w’ubushakashatsi muri kaminuza ya Mwamikazi Mariya, Samadi Galpayaki, mu magambo ye yagize ati: "Mu byukuri birashimishije kandi rimwe na rimwe birashimishije kubona inzererezi zikina umukino runaka." ubunini n'ubwonko buto, birenze ibiremwa bya robo. ”
Galpage yakomeje agira ati: "Bashobora rwose kuba bafite amarangamutima amwe n'amwe, ndetse akaba ari ayandi, nk'ayandi matungo manini cyangwa atagira ubwoya." Ati: "Ubu buvumbuzi bufite uruhare mu gusobanukirwa imyumvire y'udukoko n'imibereho myiza kandi twizeye ko bidutera inkunga yo kubaha no kurinda ubuzima ku isi kurushaho."
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-10-2022
